tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-56063198776191473462024-03-04T20:13:22.071-08:00lab notebookExperimental rocketry, chemistry and other stuffMarkus Bindhammerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07048973241655075741noreply@blogger.comBlogger36125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5606319877619147346.post-74870000982578167422011-11-28T01:17:00.000-08:002011-11-28T21:18:11.516-08:00Sugar Shot Weekly Activity Report: November 14-27, 2011<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" LatentStyleCount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style>
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</style> <![endif]--> <div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span>Paul Avery and Rick Maschek performed the third round of development testing of Paul's pyrogen units for the upcoming DSS BPS motor test. The firings looked good, delivering the required "mass flux" within the design burn time. The units are being tested at ambient conditions, and will have a shorter burn once enclosed in a motor.</span></span></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/QJVev7jowdI?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><pre></pre><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span>Serge Pipko performed the first "hot batch" ignition testing of the experimental eutectic propellant on November 27th. The resulting deflagration was impressive, and provides important insight into the need for special precautions when preparing larger batches of this formulation. Serge's preliminary report and video:</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://serge77.rocketworkshop.net/knnnsb_ign/knnnsb_ign.htm" target="_blank"> http://serge77.rocketworkshop.net/knnnsb_ign/knnnsb_ign.htm</a></span></div><pre style="font-family: inherit;"></pre><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span>During a recent visit to California, Richard Nakka had a "long overdue" opportunity to meet with some long-serving members of SS2S. Rick Maschek and Paul Avery met up with Richard in Hemet, had lunch together, discussed rocketry and SS2S in-depth, and enjoyed a "show & tell" of SS2S rocket hardware.<br />
After a tasty lunch at Coco's restaurant (left to right, Rick, Paul & Richard):</span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyHvLYuiOdb2rIsWDiS4DS3YbuCqqYojx6Kng_tULYgUSYUYK8Jj_rSrM1aqZvIK0FtiGamCQKX0VaKVJdJmSKLxaVkGkZslIDlED_OTnMiDGi8Hm2nVDSySKQZLlRHKAQOn-YyFKzNpZB/s1600/pic_002a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyHvLYuiOdb2rIsWDiS4DS3YbuCqqYojx6Kng_tULYgUSYUYK8Jj_rSrM1aqZvIK0FtiGamCQKX0VaKVJdJmSKLxaVkGkZslIDlED_OTnMiDGi8Hm2nVDSySKQZLlRHKAQOn-YyFKzNpZB/s1600/pic_002a.jpg" /><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" LatentStyleCount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style>
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</style> <![endif]--> </a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="DE">Rick's wife Barbara (left) and Richard's wife Pauline, at Coco's:</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirC_RDa9LdnBu-2qPCx7yYGU2TiUv8o0713HKIWRyU44DCwEDfiAoTrA9bONkt81l4whCsBbUa904ciu-B33xweLFMUac4UEowXCsODNko5tDKd7cm7IU-18SNMPU4LHW1_KAtoBCXqxWx/s1600/pic_010a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirC_RDa9LdnBu-2qPCx7yYGU2TiUv8o0713HKIWRyU44DCwEDfiAoTrA9bONkt81l4whCsBbUa904ciu-B33xweLFMUac4UEowXCsODNko5tDKd7cm7IU-18SNMPU4LHW1_KAtoBCXqxWx/s1600/pic_010a.jpg" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" LatentStyleCount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style>
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</style> <![endif]--> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="DE">Posing next to the DSS BPS rocket motor casing:</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyHvLYuiOdb2rIsWDiS4DS3YbuCqqYojx6Kng_tULYgUSYUYK8Jj_rSrM1aqZvIK0FtiGamCQKX0VaKVJdJmSKLxaVkGkZslIDlED_OTnMiDGi8Hm2nVDSySKQZLlRHKAQOn-YyFKzNpZB/s1600/pic_002a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQibwVf48zPHOzYqX2w7TqCTwHIg9TKpl-qYnAOUrSeNHann6B43e4_9wBG14WNdRGM9R19tu189md1M59nOuPtDOBh-Nu8UR0Bez-201SiKNwptk6tPmKIfWXceybVgeVaUZotCcUD6hm/s1600/pic_013a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQibwVf48zPHOzYqX2w7TqCTwHIg9TKpl-qYnAOUrSeNHann6B43e4_9wBG14WNdRGM9R19tu189md1M59nOuPtDOBh-Nu8UR0Bez-201SiKNwptk6tPmKIfWXceybVgeVaUZotCcUD6hm/s1600/pic_013a.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgk1xhgzV1C8GrQgbOMZmWqhmsWueHoACGJ0sJ2OYE6y28hEtq8_LpU50kPNU42MGWU8uGzKF0RYZL4RfpgvTUwVVairbEJfYGqKXx8tkfTyzmSm3Vb6eBl_Zn6DaEPOzWxN5qjlJnx7SCA/s1600/pic_022a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgk1xhgzV1C8GrQgbOMZmWqhmsWueHoACGJ0sJ2OYE6y28hEtq8_LpU50kPNU42MGWU8uGzKF0RYZL4RfpgvTUwVVairbEJfYGqKXx8tkfTyzmSm3Vb6eBl_Zn6DaEPOzWxN5qjlJnx7SCA/s1600/pic_022a.jpg" /></a></div><pre style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></pre></div></div></div><sub></sub>Markus Bindhammerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07048973241655075741noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5606319877619147346.post-54422953251265947252011-11-21T04:21:00.000-08:002011-11-21T22:48:01.302-08:00More eutectic KNO3/NaNO3/Mannitol propellant static test firings<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">My good friend Rick Maschek performed some more static test firings with eutectic K</span>NO<sub>3</sub><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">Na</span>NO<sub>3</sub><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">/Mannitol propellant (PSNM):</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"> </span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><object width="320" height="266" class="BLOGGER-youtube-video" classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0" data-thumbnail-src="http://0.gvt0.com/vi/5xio_B9j6ng/0.jpg"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/5xio_B9j6ng&fs=1&source=uds" /><param name="bgcolor" value="#FFFFFF" /><embed width="320" height="266" src="http://www.youtube.com/v/5xio_B9j6ng&fs=1&source=uds" type="application/x-shockwave-flash"></embed></object></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div></div>Markus Bindhammerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07048973241655075741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5606319877619147346.post-42946565738650002092011-11-06T02:35:00.000-08:002011-11-28T21:20:53.608-08:00Sugar Shot to Space KNO3/NaNO3/Mannitol propellant test<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">First Motor test of eutectic K</span>NO<sub>3</sub><span style="font-size: small;"> / Na</span>NO<sub>3</sub><span style="font-size: small;"> / Mannitol propellant by Rick Maschek. 182 grams of propellant in a five Bates grain arrangement. Test conducted at the FAR site, Mojave Desert California, USA on Nov 5, 2011 in support of the Sugar Shot to Space project.</span></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/qU4hus1CtXU?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">Second static test firing will be done with a 390g motor, then 1kg. A first flight with a 1kg motor is scheduled for November 19th.</span></div>Markus Bindhammerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07048973241655075741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5606319877619147346.post-22806373963090398672011-11-01T00:29:00.000-07:002011-11-19T01:03:37.425-08:00Reaction of vanillin with ascorbic acid<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">5g vanillin were heated in a 100ml beaker to 130°C, then 1g ascorbic acid dissolved. The mixture turned dark green after stirring it for several minutes. The reaction product is a soft, clear and elastic compound:</span></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVrUNPjGPGEsWCL5JbbMVgE3namq3ONr5oIvhohIISKxPK2PcRr6JSole63elc3lhplX5z-KFp00iVCK6R8rtkGY976GVRUtWv1z-Xq1jRJEUF-8T1gRm5IbjnWwCr_cZQ_0qpBhlHK3mZ/s1600/Copy+of+IMG_2299.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVrUNPjGPGEsWCL5JbbMVgE3namq3ONr5oIvhohIISKxPK2PcRr6JSole63elc3lhplX5z-KFp00iVCK6R8rtkGY976GVRUtWv1z-Xq1jRJEUF-8T1gRm5IbjnWwCr_cZQ_0qpBhlHK3mZ/s1600/Copy+of+IMG_2299.jpg" /></a></div>Reaction could be used to prove the existence of ascorbic acid or vanillin if color change arises not from impurities like nickel or chrome.<br />
<br />
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">About an hour later the compound suddenly started to crystallize:</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMa2kMnvpy94YHxL5gyVLRnBRw83gLySND6kHkCX3i5ubtjaNRKg2ngDCU5Kp3QUbdgw_hXdxuAG4aV0rF_2LplcNyuRyBvh9gn7ff8_XCBfZhPzdfy7CdQeeonf1dt57azk69pn2oX1ED/s1600/re-cryst.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMa2kMnvpy94YHxL5gyVLRnBRw83gLySND6kHkCX3i5ubtjaNRKg2ngDCU5Kp3QUbdgw_hXdxuAG4aV0rF_2LplcNyuRyBvh9gn7ff8_XCBfZhPzdfy7CdQeeonf1dt57azk69pn2oX1ED/s1600/re-cryst.jpg" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMa2kMnvpy94YHxL5gyVLRnBRw83gLySND6kHkCX3i5ubtjaNRKg2ngDCU5Kp3QUbdgw_hXdxuAG4aV0rF_2LplcNyuRyBvh9gn7ff8_XCBfZhPzdfy7CdQeeonf1dt57azk69pn2oX1ED/s1600/re-cryst.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMa2kMnvpy94YHxL5gyVLRnBRw83gLySND6kHkCX3i5ubtjaNRKg2ngDCU5Kp3QUbdgw_hXdxuAG4aV0rF_2LplcNyuRyBvh9gn7ff8_XCBfZhPzdfy7CdQeeonf1dt57azk69pn2oX1ED/s1600/re-cryst.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br />
</a></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">To avoid any contamination with metal ions, 5g vanillin and 1g ascorbic acid were placed into a fresh cleaned beaker without support of spoon or spatula. The mixture was then heated to </span><span style="font-size: small;">130°C. The temperatur sensor, which has a stainless steel jacket, was precautionary placed outside the beaker. The mixture was stirred with a fresh cleaned glass rod. The solution turned green after stirring it for 5 minutes and the ascorbic acid was completely dissolved in the vanillin.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirZngtfHP8Lo98uebUZf7vrwyhUvzVbO33FMlWahUQtw3D0HMDmZWqJoT5mDsC1mEWTLT9-ciyq37muY2Tb0tl0fJbwVyDc9QS9i9uq4ldgpsMc22rNjzBjExluynH58AiqBSkmc3FC1eC/s1600/green.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirZngtfHP8Lo98uebUZf7vrwyhUvzVbO33FMlWahUQtw3D0HMDmZWqJoT5mDsC1mEWTLT9-ciyq37muY2Tb0tl0fJbwVyDc9QS9i9uq4ldgpsMc22rNjzBjExluynH58AiqBSkmc3FC1eC/s1600/green.jpg" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">To determinate if vanillin itself would turn green after heating it to </span><span style="font-size: small;">130°C for several minutes, the experiment was repeated without adding ascorbic acid. The vanillin turned slightly yellow after 10 minutes heating but not green. An idea is that the green color occurs not caused by a chemical reaction but rather by a special crystal configuration of vanillin and ascorbic acid. Example: anhydrous copper (II) sulfate crystals are grey -white, but if they containing water, the appearance is blue.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">If pure vanillin get heated to </span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">130°C for 20 minutes, the color change to yellow-orange. After cool down vanillin crystallize out immediately and scalelike. If ascorbic acid is added to pre-heated vanillin, the color changes not to green and the solubility of ascorbic acid is decreased. However, after cool down </span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> a soft, clear and elastic compound was found too.</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: inherit; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/6A01A4ID24o?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Update November 12, 2011: Uploaded an extended article (in German) about this topic on <a href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/72468610/Reaktion-von-Ascorbinsaure-mit-Vanillin-als-Losungsmittel">scribd.com</a>. </span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Update November 19, 2011: Uploaded an edited version of the article <a href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/73188193/Reaktion-von-Ascorbinsaure-mit-Vanillin-als-Losungsmittel-Auflage-2">here</a>.</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"></div>Markus Bindhammerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07048973241655075741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5606319877619147346.post-15241455909616762652011-10-30T04:53:00.000-07:002011-11-01T01:24:27.850-07:00Reaction of sorbitol and ascorbic acid<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">Newer experiments show that sorbitol and ascorbic acid split at a temperature above 140 °C probably into following aldehydes:</span></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">- Benzaldehyde</span></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">- Cuminaldehyde</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">- Formic acid</span></div>Markus Bindhammerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07048973241655075741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5606319877619147346.post-45080550537289821782011-10-20T20:54:00.000-07:002011-11-12T16:56:16.263-08:00Benzaldehyde from sorbitol and ascorbic acid?<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">During my experiments with molten mixtures of ascorbic acid and sorbitol I found - if the mixture was heated to a certain temperature range - that a liquid condensed on the cooler parts of the glas which had a strong and sweet odor of bitter almond.</span></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">The experiment was then repeated with a distillation apparatus as shown below.</span><span class="st"> The result after heating the mixture for 10 minutes </span><span style="font-size: small;">at 140</span><span class="st">°C was a tar like residue and a yellowish liquid distillate. The </span><span class="st">distillate had a strong odor of bitter almond, the residue a caraway odor.</span></div><div style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBrFzOLeXpYJxu907qScnvwlJ9qX79oQgWZ75Ox94-SOTWBaiiu-h-DU1BNo_gxYGxqoDGNK30Mcs_WvnQdSm8xDS1xBt9ltY58BK1BN9EuRv2zso0eTB3Fix03s_F_uTEBch-KBc8dxn-/s1600/Vanillin.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBrFzOLeXpYJxu907qScnvwlJ9qX79oQgWZ75Ox94-SOTWBaiiu-h-DU1BNo_gxYGxqoDGNK30Mcs_WvnQdSm8xDS1xBt9ltY58BK1BN9EuRv2zso0eTB3Fix03s_F_uTEBch-KBc8dxn-/s1600/Vanillin.gif" /> </a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span class="st"><span style="font-family: inherit;">It could be also possible that salicylaldehyde</span></span> or furfural <span class="st"><span style="font-family: inherit;">has been synthesized as it has a bitter almond odor too. </span></span></div><div style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">Unfortunately the Fehling test was negative for the distillate as it is not sensitive enough for such small amounts.<br />
</span></div>Markus Bindhammerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07048973241655075741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5606319877619147346.post-39340614302437972642011-10-18T19:47:00.000-07:002011-10-18T19:47:25.912-07:00Sugar Shot Weekly Activity Report: October 10-16, 2011<div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" LatentStyleCount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style>
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</style> <![endif]--><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"><u>Highlights of recent developments on the MiniSShot project</u><br />
<br />
Flint Hapirat has completed a draft of the Launch Report for MSS-2, and has submitted the draft to Richard for review.<br />
<br />
<u>Highlights of recent developments on the DoubleSShot project</u><br />
<br />
Richard Nakka and Blair Nakka have completed machining the Forward Bulkhead for the new DSS BPS motor. </span></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt;"></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNuwJyqNqybGSpKm0zfSDX5Reu7PiJWhJsvDeDH13aAk4I1bhQbxn74Z5ZTo8JUzklcnCjBc0DGgXKRffR2VGprIWk3zX_N1G-Z08sBqTgmmUCQRi4rvvh9pEHDyXVgYFjyNMVv_UVxHtO/s1600/dss_bps_002a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNuwJyqNqybGSpKm0zfSDX5Reu7PiJWhJsvDeDH13aAk4I1bhQbxn74Z5ZTo8JUzklcnCjBc0DGgXKRffR2VGprIWk3zX_N1G-Z08sBqTgmmUCQRi4rvvh9pEHDyXVgYFjyNMVv_UVxHtO/s1600/dss_bps_002a.jpg" /></a></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" LatentStyleCount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style>
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</style> <![endif]--><span style="font-size: small;">The large 1.25" (3.2 cm) hole is for a frangible burst disc to prevent overpressurizing the cavity between the Forward Bulkhead and the Delay Plug in case of significant blow-by.<br />
<span> </span><br />
Paul Avery has completed the design of a new and more powerful pyrogen unit for the DSS BPS motor. Paul reports that he has decided on a size, and has:<br />
1. ordered delrin mandrel stock<br />
2. rolled several casting tubes<br />
3. machined an aluminum base and top cap for a casting stand<br />
<span> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;">This past Sunday, an avionics telecon was held to report progress and determine upcoming actions. Participants in the telecon were Chris King, Rick Maschek, Matt Campbell, Hans Olaf Toft, Mattias Lampe, Craig Peterson and Richard Nakka. Chris reported that he has completed a draft of the revised DSS Avionics Requirements document, which was submitted to Richard for review. Chris also completed a draft of a test plan for "high altitude" testing of batteries that will tentatively be used for the DSS flight. The testing will be done by Craig utilizing the vacuum chamber that he recently built.Rick provided good input on potential video cameras for the flight, such as the USB "</span><a href="http://www.ebay.com/itm/HD-1280x960-Mini-USB-Flash-Drive-Spy-Camera-Hidden-DVR-/270809002130?pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item3f0d797092" style="font-family: inherit;">spy camera</a><span style="font-family: inherit;">" model.</span></span></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" LatentStyleCount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style>
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</span></span></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">Mattias reported excellent progress on the <a href="http://sugarshot.org/downloads/antenna_prototypes.pdf">ring antennas </a>that he has prototyped. The first image shows the PCB with the antennas laid out. The third image shows the prototype ring antennas cut out. Mattias plans to conduct testing of the antennas in the near future, including an assessment of any interference with the GPS antenna that will be mounted forward of the ring antennas in the nose cone.The next avionics telecon will be on Sunday, Nov.6th.</span></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><br />
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</style> <![endif]--><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Marc Davis has once again volunteered to produce CAD drawings of the DSS BPS motor parts. Marc has completed the casing drawing which was forwarded to Randy Dormans. Randy has procured the 6" (15cm) steel tubing for the casing and reports that "all hole locations are indexed and I am currently in the process of drilling to them to the final diameter (three passes each).<span> </span>The casing should be finished by this weekend."</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
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</style> <![endif]--><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">Marco Torriani reports that the prototype DSS "test fins" have been mounted on a 400 mm four-layer fibreglass tube which he recently fabricated.<span> </span>Marco has bonded the fins' "foot" and laid carbon fibre over the aluminum foot to reinforce the attachment point. Marco also reports that he has performed an empirical load test on the fibreglass tube, loading 140 lbs (64 kg) with "no problem" Once the epoxy will be fully cured Marco will do a similar (ad hoc) testing of the fins with 100 (45 kg) lbs "just to make sure" before the fin/tube assembly is shipped to Bert Kimpe for official structural load testing.</span></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" LatentStyleCount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style>
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</div>Markus Bindhammerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07048973241655075741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5606319877619147346.post-73836654478045093922011-10-13T18:29:00.000-07:002011-10-13T18:29:53.125-07:00Sugar Shot Weekly Activity Report: October 3-9, 2011<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" LatentStyleCount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style>
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</style> <![endif]--><span style="font-size: small;">Richard Nakka and Blair Nakka have begun machining the Forward Bulkhead for the new DSS BPS motor.<br />
<span> </span><br />
Paul Avery has begun designing a new and more powerful pyrogen unit for the DSS BPS motor. The new unit is roughly double the size of that used for the DSS BP motor to ensure a rapid start-up.<br />
<span> </span><br />
Markus Bindhammer has performed additional research into eutectic propellant formulations. The latest experiment deals with the production of Golden Powder, which refers to a mixture consisting of<span> </span>potassium nitrate as an oxidizer with ascorbic acid as a fuel: <a href="http://sugarshot.org/downloads/eutectic_sugar_propellant_research_part_v.pdf">Eutectic Sugar Propellant Research Part V</a></span></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><br />
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</style> <![endif]--><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">Based on feedback, Hans has updated the report <a href="http://sugarshot.org/downloads/flight_controller_and_trajectory_map.pdf">Flight Controller and Trajectory Map</a>.This document deals with the pairing of pyro devices and flight controllers for the DoubleSShot flight, andadditionally deals with the nature of the recovery process.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></div>Markus Bindhammerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07048973241655075741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5606319877619147346.post-49490485834117863982011-10-04T07:28:00.000-07:002011-10-04T07:28:15.811-07:00Eutectic KNO3-NaNO3-sugar alcohol as an explosive<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">According to Captain Bertrand R. Brinley's 1960 book, <em>Rocket Manual for Amateurs</em>, <a href="http://www.rocketryplanet.com/images/pdf/RMA-Chapter-03.pdf">chapter 3, page 96-97</a>, increases the power of an explosive as the cube of the weight. "Two ounces of an explosive is 8 times as powerful as one ounce. Three ounces is 27 times as powerful. Five ounces is 125 times as powerful."</span></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">We have seen <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pcFp9dcoEL8">how</a> 3g 170°C hot liquid eutectic </span><span style="font-family: inherit;">KNO</span><sub style="font-family: inherit;">3</sub><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">-</span><span style="font-family: inherit;">NaNO</span><sub style="font-family: inherit;">3</sub><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">-Mannitol deflagrates. If this rule of thumb is true, 1kg </span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">liquid eutectic </span><span style="font-family: inherit;">KNO</span><sub style="font-family: inherit;">3</sub><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">-</span><span style="font-family: inherit;">NaNO</span><sub style="font-family: inherit;">3</sub><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">-Mannitol would be around </span><span class="texhtml" style="font-family: inherit;">333<sup>3</sup> = 36926037 as powerful as 3g. Difficult to imagine, but if it is even much less, </span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">hot liquid eutectic </span><span style="font-family: inherit;">KNO</span><sub style="font-family: inherit;">3</sub><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">-</span><span style="font-family: inherit;">NaNO</span><sub style="font-family: inherit;">3</sub><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">-sugar alcohol could be considered (and used) as an explosive. Solid </span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">eutectic KNO</span><sub style="font-family: inherit;">3</sub><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">-</span><span style="font-family: inherit;">NaNO</span><sub style="font-family: inherit;">3</sub><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">-sugar alcohol</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"></span> is cheap, very easy to manufacture and safe to handle.</span></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">Liquid eutectic </span>KNO<sub>3</sub><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">-</span>NaNO<sub>3</sub><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">-sugar alcohol could be cast in an according heat- and pressure-proof container. The container would then be closed after the </span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">eutectic </span>KNO<sub>3</sub><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">-</span>NaNO<sub>3</sub><span style="font-size: small;">-sugar alcohol is hardened and encased with a heat up charge (end burner configuration). While the </span><span style="font-size: small;">heat up charge burns away it would heat and liquefy the </span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">eutectic </span>KNO<sub>3</sub><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">-</span>NaNO<sub>3</sub><span style="font-size: small;">-sugar alcohol inside the container. It would need to be determined, which effect the pressure increase in the container has on the melting point of the </span>KNO<sub>3</sub><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">-</span>NaNO<sub>3</sub><span style="font-size: small;">-sugar alcohol. However, the pressure increase will increase the burn rate further.</span></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">Ignition of the </span>liquid KNO<sub>3</sub><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">-</span>NaNO<sub>3</sub><span style="font-size: small;">-sugar alcohol can be finally done by an </span><span style="font-size: small;">electric match or reaching the auto ignition temperature of the </span><span style="font-size: small;">sugar alcohol by the </span><span style="font-size: small;">heat up charge.</span></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggB0kICQnsUgdX5vxua6YhnhUKZgk7_P6PUCR3OPEO9zPog3UhHav5_OkvwW36VCfj9_OMt8_CegyqwovN7MjmlCUR1Nl90AWuZp3OFC90uBexVx4tOYRUpng6yyc105EGM7DgsHy1emSR/s1600/explosive1.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggB0kICQnsUgdX5vxua6YhnhUKZgk7_P6PUCR3OPEO9zPog3UhHav5_OkvwW36VCfj9_OMt8_CegyqwovN7MjmlCUR1Nl90AWuZp3OFC90uBexVx4tOYRUpng6yyc105EGM7DgsHy1emSR/s1600/explosive1.gif" /></a><i> </i></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"><i>Fig. 1</i></span></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuwJRXgKkbzXDhGyLk0IybjE8W3ibfdnKQCyhFDoPjUsnP4aLWMnefEu2InKc54SKgYzbQ7DFg7G4-3bQW2DLhStyqXcfSB3KJU0pSDLVI6h8dXqIcLwl1dQWg1YZW64gfqCOhXXo80Pul/s1600/explosive2.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuwJRXgKkbzXDhGyLk0IybjE8W3ibfdnKQCyhFDoPjUsnP4aLWMnefEu2InKc54SKgYzbQ7DFg7G4-3bQW2DLhStyqXcfSB3KJU0pSDLVI6h8dXqIcLwl1dQWg1YZW64gfqCOhXXo80Pul/s1600/explosive2.gif" /></a></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"><i>Fig. 2</i></span></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1oeLMP0R_5JSvzoDMPzma-GpCGC4fKme_Fzmpm2vGw-TbaxJRTCLHaW6CR8_9BsOSNqcWil0aIJxlBDcBPJMm302LfxUD3ZFZ3Qk-avwfEP0fEzfnPBdiewM4uB3LHjjZY-vj5CXxSuPo/s1600/explosive3.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1oeLMP0R_5JSvzoDMPzma-GpCGC4fKme_Fzmpm2vGw-TbaxJRTCLHaW6CR8_9BsOSNqcWil0aIJxlBDcBPJMm302LfxUD3ZFZ3Qk-avwfEP0fEzfnPBdiewM4uB3LHjjZY-vj5CXxSuPo/s1600/explosive3.gif" /> </a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"><i>Fig. 3 </i></span></div>Markus Bindhammerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07048973241655075741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5606319877619147346.post-5870042929268636662011-10-03T19:07:00.000-07:002011-10-03T19:07:30.315-07:00Sugar Shot Weekly Activity Report: September 26-October 2, 2011<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" LatentStyleCount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style>
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</style> <![endif]--><span style="font-size: small;"><u>Highlights of recent developments on the DoubleSShot project</u></span></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><br />
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</style> <![endif]--><span style="font-size: small;">The design is currently underway for a replacement static test motor. This motor, deemed DSS BPS (Boiler Plate Single-phase), will be essentially identical to the BP motor recently test fired. Except that it will be a single burn motor. This will allow us to test the design concept of the star grain, gather performance data, and to verify the behavior of the Delay Plug. The investigation into the BP anomaly has pointed to a breech of the Midbulkhead as a probably cause. Hot gases in the aft chamber pressure port channel (drilled into the Midbulkhead) likely caused a fracture of the Midbulkhead ablative liner, allowing the hot exhaust flow into the forward chamber, thereby igniting the grain (specifics of the likely cause of the anomaly will be detailed in a Test Report to be published in the future). The new motor will be fitted with the Midbulkhead at the forward end, with the Delay Plug cast into place. A "forward bulkhead" will be added to seal off the chamber forward of the Midbulkhead, fitted with a pressure sensor to detect any possible breech of the Midbulkhead seal.</span></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><br />
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</style> <![endif]--><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">Rick has completed his examination of the DSS BP motor's parts and has determined that the nozzle and Midbulkhead are in good condition and will be used for the new motor. The Midbulkhead ablative liner was found to be completely missing.View of Midbulkhead:</span><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: inherit; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOffNQ4ZmGc9WlNjjAVf6L6jEOgaVqgORAUVkljylLMkH18w1rNxQUZfv1Q45LUSQSHQu1QxS09IUTOOlioeolBHQv6Qf5E3A3e13bCa4M6vS6v52j-NDm1T4TkJ3rtefUYurxmzwMmVe1/s1600/dscn2336a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOffNQ4ZmGc9WlNjjAVf6L6jEOgaVqgORAUVkljylLMkH18w1rNxQUZfv1Q45LUSQSHQu1QxS09IUTOOlioeolBHQv6Qf5E3A3e13bCa4M6vS6v52j-NDm1T4TkJ3rtefUYurxmzwMmVe1/s1600/dscn2336a.jpg" /></a></span></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">View of the interior wall of Midbulkhead: </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghfE5ZzBqcrLmdg7hibnYLNbeEE7EihBbIL0D2-mzkVRAtsAJWvwI2wI70ZNCy8eI4n7biTZIN9qBzWM4VoZJNTAl-rBEBmgS9EZX9VWB3CLgVHwu6iAkYBWNrVrRUF0z5WrAT2KiekJOs/s1600/dsc01679a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghfE5ZzBqcrLmdg7hibnYLNbeEE7EihBbIL0D2-mzkVRAtsAJWvwI2wI70ZNCy8eI4n7biTZIN9qBzWM4VoZJNTAl-rBEBmgS9EZX9VWB3CLgVHwu6iAkYBWNrVrRUF0z5WrAT2KiekJOs/s1600/dsc01679a.jpg" /></a></span></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;">(photos courtesy Rick Maschek)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" LatentStyleCount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style>
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</div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" LatentStyleCount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style>
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</style> <![endif]--><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">Rick has completed measurements of the circumference of the "ballooned" forward casing. It is clear that the forward casing experienced particularly high pressures (>2000 psi) which severely strained the metal. The permanent strain was significantly more than the aft casing, as is seen in the following table and graph:</span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQFVi8BgRRpKklpAsG0qsTBsJvr5cexqtDQLMeQ8e1UtplDNmLT2sSNvHsby0cNKFzP4SghfJZmELexz0ZtT_3YwXKecVm9-R6HCrrq9Z0o2mn7ld5Bq_pi4w1QjcRpiK7OrBrjwQkB-Ny/s1600/dss_bp_casing_measurements.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="90" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQFVi8BgRRpKklpAsG0qsTBsJvr5cexqtDQLMeQ8e1UtplDNmLT2sSNvHsby0cNKFzP4SghfJZmELexz0ZtT_3YwXKecVm9-R6HCrrq9Z0o2mn7ld5Bq_pi4w1QjcRpiK7OrBrjwQkB-Ny/s320/dss_bp_casing_measurements.gif" width="320" /></a></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheQZKfhE4-CkodMBfFmJ4JPn1n5BIAINNhGygudrJousSI_hdPoVo_WmmoSgy-rIqvLjN6XEeIXJLOxblef_Zw1RzjGu8yy2-A1NNfbLzVpx-3aXpmJoeVC4cQx_uAQJHNC44FYOtlO3lv/s1600/dss_bp_casing_graph.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="193" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheQZKfhE4-CkodMBfFmJ4JPn1n5BIAINNhGygudrJousSI_hdPoVo_WmmoSgy-rIqvLjN6XEeIXJLOxblef_Zw1RzjGu8yy2-A1NNfbLzVpx-3aXpmJoeVC4cQx_uAQJHNC44FYOtlO3lv/s320/dss_bp_casing_graph.gif" width="320" /></a></span></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" LatentStyleCount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style>
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</style> <![endif]--><span style="font-size: small;">Randy Dormans has kindly agreed to drill the precision located nozzle and bulkhead attachment holes (75 total)<span> </span>in the motor casing. Randy reports that he has obtained a length of the 6" schedule 10 pipe for the motor casing and will start work on this task very soon. Randy had similarly procured and prepared both motor casings for the DSS BP motor.</span></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" LatentStyleCount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style>
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</style> <![endif]--><span style="font-size: small;">Craig Peterson has kindly agreed to once again machine the custom modified cap screws for the nozzle and bulkhead attachments (75 plus spares).</span></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" LatentStyleCount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style>
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</style> <![endif]--><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">Paul Avery has agreed to work on repairing or replacing the static test stand for the new motor. Paul has also taken on the task of developing a new, more powerful pyrogen unit for igniting the motor. </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"> </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" LatentStyleCount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style>
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</style> <![endif]--><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">Alberto has updated the <a href="http://www.sugarshot.org/documentation.html">documentation page</a> of the SS2S website with the four reports written by Markus Bindhammer on eutectic sugar propellant research.</span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt;"><br />
</span></div>Markus Bindhammerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07048973241655075741noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5606319877619147346.post-45239869335679772272011-09-26T21:48:00.000-07:002011-09-26T21:50:19.436-07:00Sugar Shot Weekly Activity Report: September 19-25, 2011<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">Markus Bindhammer has performed additional research on the mannitol-based eutectic propellant including ignition of the propellant in the hot molten phase, strand burn testing (at ambient conditions), flash freezing of the propellant, as well as density/volumetric calculations. The results of Markus's research continue to be highly interesting: <a href="http://sugarshot.org/downloads/eutectic_sugar_propellant_research_part_iv.pdf">Eutectic Sugar Propellant Research Part IV</a></span></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">Markus continues to show his generous support for SS2S (and sugar propellant development in general) by providing a grant of $5000 USD to fund research of the eutectic propellant formulations. Deemed "ResearchSShot", the goals of these endeavors are foreseen to include:<br />
a) Evaluating safety risks of liquid eutectic oxidizer/sugar alcohol propellants, minimizing safety risks as much as possible<br />
b) Evaluating and comparing performance characteristics between the standard KNSB and KN-NaN-SB or MT (mannitol) propellant<br />
c) Evaluating if complete forward/aft grain can be produced at once (no segments) with eutectic propellant/oven method in regard of exSShot dimension<br />
d) Building 'small' rocket (MSS or smaller) with eutectic oxidizer/sugar alcohol propellant<br />
</span></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">Rick Maschek has continued dissection and cleaning of the DSS BP rocket motor components. The nozzle was determined to be in excellent condition and fully re-usable.</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwpZqtAgu7t7BBNcn-YJdlQ_MqdcUV8mioM7Szc7YkA-FxKHnrQ5z0sNOySTd1RRr7LVRY6UcmCy3acu0vhWOzuCbb3acv5GIUJlNvgRdCogugAFpBtJ8Qo-oIEf5qtAXkzr09a8EU00sO/s1600/dss_bp_postfiring_012a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwpZqtAgu7t7BBNcn-YJdlQ_MqdcUV8mioM7Szc7YkA-FxKHnrQ5z0sNOySTd1RRr7LVRY6UcmCy3acu0vhWOzuCbb3acv5GIUJlNvgRdCogugAFpBtJ8Qo-oIEf5qtAXkzr09a8EU00sO/s1600/dss_bp_postfiring_012a.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiM-AO1VZOg8oi8hyQOVDGYIy9oO_gFBfU8O_BkdJLU9c4-cgsRQD28P9Atbah5JlZBAOSstk3aTVMadrKIp7EWVJOI2wUSTURZFSlxoetF1U0tnejXtXM3TpjsLLe7Gac6R6IN0MXOpWPM/s1600/dss_bp_postfiring_015a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiM-AO1VZOg8oi8hyQOVDGYIy9oO_gFBfU8O_BkdJLU9c4-cgsRQD28P9Atbah5JlZBAOSstk3aTVMadrKIp7EWVJOI2wUSTURZFSlxoetF1U0tnejXtXM3TpjsLLe7Gac6R6IN0MXOpWPM/s1600/dss_bp_postfiring_015a.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEio3Sao_BDY5etF6uEHHoLVHgDnUumzlTCkLUrZ_ATLQ_KJ3PCnC5v6eZHm_tqAOQUxIuHa9b3ZQ4YGcJgApdHXv3TTAgu8WcY2IbP1TR4jyaAW2JoJNhwS_N59bIgYVKDo14thGvd8KCsq/s1600/dss_bp_postfiring_010a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEio3Sao_BDY5etF6uEHHoLVHgDnUumzlTCkLUrZ_ATLQ_KJ3PCnC5v6eZHm_tqAOQUxIuHa9b3ZQ4YGcJgApdHXv3TTAgu8WcY2IbP1TR4jyaAW2JoJNhwS_N59bIgYVKDo14thGvd8KCsq/s1600/dss_bp_postfiring_010a.jpg" /></a></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">An analysis was performed which indicated a possible reason for the much greater degree of erosion of the nozzle ablative liner that was seen, in comparison with MSS. The propellant mass flux was calculated for both DSS BP and the MSS motors. The "mass flux" is the combustion product mass flow-rate per unit area of the grain core. It was determined to average over 5x greater than MSS during the first second of burn. It is clear that some development work is high on the agenda to modify the ablator for much greater resistance to erosion.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7MqMXmIwMgatCh4_ZUnKukd8AFjLXL7sRaL4jUPnMW6fP0nqEPLdmVSdrmL54aACrO5Ln9LxulJuF07EWTkV4ZE8iGujDGoajj6tnFsQhqiRjnRnif08Fk1xN50V7C7dML4LQCQo380Us/s1600/mass_flux_compare_dss_bp_and_mss.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7MqMXmIwMgatCh4_ZUnKukd8AFjLXL7sRaL4jUPnMW6fP0nqEPLdmVSdrmL54aACrO5Ln9LxulJuF07EWTkV4ZE8iGujDGoajj6tnFsQhqiRjnRnif08Fk1xN50V7C7dML4LQCQo380Us/s1600/mass_flux_compare_dss_bp_and_mss.gif" /></a></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">Hans has completed a <a href="http://sugarshot.org/downloads/flight_controller_and_trajectory_map_draft.pdf">draft report</a> dealing with the pairing of pyro devices and flight controllers for DoubleSShot. Each of the flight controllers have their own characteristics, and the pyro devices should be controlled by the most suitable flight controller for the task. Additionally, the report deals with the nature of the recovery process. The recovery strategy has a deep impact on the chute deployment criteria, which in turn affects which flight controller will be most suitable for deployment of each chute (drogue & main).</span></div>Markus Bindhammerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07048973241655075741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5606319877619147346.post-10551128933254493932011-09-23T21:48:00.000-07:002011-09-23T21:49:21.173-07:00Combustion behavior of liquid eutectic KNO3-NaNO3-Mannitol propellant<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">Experiment setup:</span></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6vL4OZsVt6XnkiXPy7Uz3JFJfkB7ie_HS5xjJWhtUPPB8UvW5Wxoyo8ska8GljRk4nNonsUtPyncU8yVoona-CqgPnjqfOQ6mIyXxQmmUQ7JWMk3Hs0DIz0CEOIgPTRr949HM46LWGe4L/s1600/exp.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6vL4OZsVt6XnkiXPy7Uz3JFJfkB7ie_HS5xjJWhtUPPB8UvW5Wxoyo8ska8GljRk4nNonsUtPyncU8yVoona-CqgPnjqfOQ6mIyXxQmmUQ7JWMk3Hs0DIz0CEOIgPTRr949HM46LWGe4L/s1600/exp.jpg" /></a></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">The propellant was heated up to 170</span><span class="st"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">°C till it was completely liquified, then ignited with a sparkler. It showed that one spark was enough to ignite the propellant. The propellant deflagrated in a split of a second.</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/pcFp9dcoEL8?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">The high burn rate of the liquid propellant and the low viscosity makes a liquid eutectic oxidizer/sugar alcohol based rocket engine feasible. In its simplest form the rocket engine could look like following sketch:</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjML5p2Bz2809SqoNmRjEJE5gkbKdrrafmaPqx65qUBDLzkn5BqxSRo1gzWXBScLCb3jWH0kpso58pZmRFIG7oon805CDXvVoi2tvMECiBAo6EKVNvlbi2bHRgbCHBDRwlvKJ3fKdl6Qm8W/s1600/Liquid+rocket+engine+idea.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjML5p2Bz2809SqoNmRjEJE5gkbKdrrafmaPqx65qUBDLzkn5BqxSRo1gzWXBScLCb3jWH0kpso58pZmRFIG7oon805CDXvVoi2tvMECiBAo6EKVNvlbi2bHRgbCHBDRwlvKJ3fKdl6Qm8W/s1600/Liquid+rocket+engine+idea.jpg" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div>Markus Bindhammerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07048973241655075741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5606319877619147346.post-90407925616344073212011-09-21T22:13:00.000-07:002011-09-21T22:48:40.137-07:00Sugar Shot Weekly Activity Report: September 12-18, 2011<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><u>Highlights of recent developments on the DoubleSShot project</u></span></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">Markus Bindhammer has provided two follow-up reports detailing his latest experiments with eutectic formulations. Mixtures of potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate and mannitol were studied as was potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate and sorbitol. The mannitol formulation was found to be non-hygroscopic at the humidity levels considered. These eutectic formulations are of particular interest due to the low viscosity of the melted product, which allows for simplified casting:</span></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://sugarshot.org/downloads/eutectic_sugar_propellant_research_part_ii.pdf"><span style="font-size: small;">Eutectic sugar propellant research Part II</span></a><br />
<a href="http://sugarshot.org/downloads/eutectic_sugar_propellant_research_part_iii.pdf"><span style="font-size: small;">Eutectic sugar propellant research Part III</span></a><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">Rick Maschek has begun the process of cleaning, photographing, measuring and careful examination of the various recovered DSS BP motor components. Rick’s examination and measurements of the aft casing indicate that:</span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"> 1) Rupture due to over-pressurization with initial failure occurring at the casing forward end. </span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">The casing ripped into several pieces.</span><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIz-S4L06OGvPc8ywpc2VeRSIjkjd2hWlmZZp7bPkEklyKCR529WvdWYku43OfXkWsRTRxeHkKp8lu2ZNifOtQ6zCsH8nHdPongxRqV4ifAQLA7VgPCshfpt5MQflo_lwgOcheRbgLt3bv/s1600/dss_bp_postfiring_007a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIz-S4L06OGvPc8ywpc2VeRSIjkjd2hWlmZZp7bPkEklyKCR529WvdWYku43OfXkWsRTRxeHkKp8lu2ZNifOtQ6zCsH8nHdPongxRqV4ifAQLA7VgPCshfpt5MQflo_lwgOcheRbgLt3bv/s1600/dss_bp_postfiring_007a.jpg" /></a></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div></div><div style="color: black; font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">2) Suffered permanent radial deformation due to high pressure (est. > 2000 psi).</span></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: inherit; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivOHgGv4uasCaTzMd-tdTSmngXcdFl01U8lyIVQGG6VjpocVo5xej9kN1tCQUcHffN_i-Nkb6GaVwvxSRd6HPWoLQ8LY7JbVEmzfPGwSVqoa5xMmoNia8mWMM-hCwRogPTemesFoC0wWKF/s1600/dss_bp_casing_def.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivOHgGv4uasCaTzMd-tdTSmngXcdFl01U8lyIVQGG6VjpocVo5xej9kN1tCQUcHffN_i-Nkb6GaVwvxSRd6HPWoLQ8LY7JbVEmzfPGwSVqoa5xMmoNia8mWMM-hCwRogPTemesFoC0wWKF/s1600/dss_bp_casing_def.gif" /></a></span></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">This coming weekend, Rick will similarly examine the Forward Casing and Midbulkhead, currently in storage at the FAR site. Rick removed the nozzle from the aft section of the motor in order to examine its condition and that of the ablative liner. After removing the liner and giving it a scrubbing, the "star" shape of the burn pattern is striking.</span><br />
</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: inherit; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8Ec5E_r0N9Vl-xmnqLlx38KDNpyy0jPgMfNxV4L1CQUH7VMK6h0QoBW4yYSB9PChy-64gsLWts1okOyWU6ZtGfkMFjYmY8kN00NVIbmM4TWHg0TOFmmfXvkI4iAQcwLqfQjNoC0nlB_tX/s1600/dss_bp_postfiring_013a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8Ec5E_r0N9Vl-xmnqLlx38KDNpyy0jPgMfNxV4L1CQUH7VMK6h0QoBW4yYSB9PChy-64gsLWts1okOyWU6ZtGfkMFjYmY8kN00NVIbmM4TWHg0TOFmmfXvkI4iAQcwLqfQjNoC0nlB_tX/s1600/dss_bp_postfiring_013a.jpg" /></a></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: inherit; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2OB9LKF6qPr8DKvSEkVb6PRrRF_v3AprIiNb1I2KWYZrKibQKrgzl4ksBMMhgWovAUywa_msfBUKV08tLi5AnHpyE6NDFh65RkToiZQhZSocaVOa2AsP9C_MQJnLMNDPRupgVOBzeekHu/s1600/dss_bp_postfiring_021a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2OB9LKF6qPr8DKvSEkVb6PRrRF_v3AprIiNb1I2KWYZrKibQKrgzl4ksBMMhgWovAUywa_msfBUKV08tLi5AnHpyE6NDFh65RkToiZQhZSocaVOa2AsP9C_MQJnLMNDPRupgVOBzeekHu/s1600/dss_bp_postfiring_021a.jpg" /></a></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: inherit; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1urWL8TbYK7-IDeTXwj-SCce2Cza6mR6wrNqCHALUwl1SEfO_pVvh00BGba1IbQRT9qc0tDis0B84ac-aYG_o7I2ywFRL4mXspNk3X_OEeP1UyHFvpxD2nDvugpxclBdaRS9C2ZR1ssy3/s1600/dss_bp_postfiring_017a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1urWL8TbYK7-IDeTXwj-SCce2Cza6mR6wrNqCHALUwl1SEfO_pVvh00BGba1IbQRT9qc0tDis0B84ac-aYG_o7I2ywFRL4mXspNk3X_OEeP1UyHFvpxD2nDvugpxclBdaRS9C2ZR1ssy3/s1600/dss_bp_postfiring_017a.jpg" /></a></span></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">Surprising is the degree of ablation, considering the burn time was only 1 second. The ablative liner on the MiniSShot nozzles consistently survived the 3-4 second burns very well, with much less erosion. The formulation was modified slightly for the DSS BP motor:</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicy0IIsjp9MeH71gx7YduEtYRTw4qtiK7NbBxmxvv1z6wXW8JKa1Q0SLLtrsBJvWfik9bfa5qEBLkc09VVdgYAkTzbLLgqxM6hFpcsGKrRgbe_y7EZP4VFkXKno6ozKbfaK__kHddgy7zR/s1600/dss_bp_ablator_compare.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicy0IIsjp9MeH71gx7YduEtYRTw4qtiK7NbBxmxvv1z6wXW8JKa1Q0SLLtrsBJvWfik9bfa5qEBLkc09VVdgYAkTzbLLgqxM6hFpcsGKrRgbe_y7EZP4VFkXKno6ozKbfaK__kHddgy7zR/s1600/dss_bp_ablator_compare.gif" /></a></span></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">This small change would seemingly not account for the greater erosion, however, some testing will be needed to resolve this inconsistency. It is possible that the anomalous behavior of the motor could have played a role.</span><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Alberto Gassol has begun updating the Showcase pages of the SS2S website and has added a <a href="http://sugarshot.org/gallery/doublesshot/doublesshot.html">DSS gallery page</a>.</span></div><br />
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">Hans reports that he has basically completed the investigation of when to release the drogue chute, with the follow-up task being to pair the pyros with the suitable avionics devices.</span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span></span></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">Rick Maschek has started to construct a dedicated "ignition controller" box for SS2S usage. This box will be specifically tailored to ignite dual-phase motors, having two pyro channels and two additional channels for triggering other events such as high-speed video cameras. Emphasis will be placed on high reliability. In the past, we've always relied on "borrowed" hardware to ignite our motors.</span></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span></span></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span></span></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"><u>Highlights of recent developments on the eXSShot project</u></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span></span></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">Markus Bindhammer has generously fulfilled his commitment to further endorse the SS2S program with a donation of $10,000 USD for funding in support of the eXSShot project. Rick Maschek reports that the funds have arrived into the SS2S bank account. Back in November of last year, Markus rocketed the DoubleSShot project forward at an accelerated pace with a $10,000 donation. This latest exciting development means that we can breathe a little easier knowing that once DSS wraps up to a successful conclusion, we will be on solid financial ground to keep the pace going unabated. A mere "thank you" to Markus would seem to be such an understatement.</span></div></div></div>Markus Bindhammerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07048973241655075741noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5606319877619147346.post-12619577253390454712011-09-16T17:24:00.000-07:002011-09-17T01:49:41.413-07:00Eutectic KNO3-NaNO3-Mannitol propellant<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">Eutectic KNO<sub>3</sub>-NaNO<sub>3</sub>-Mannitol propellant was made with the same method described <a href="http://markus-bindhammer.blogspot.com/2011/09/eutectic-kno3-nano3-sorbitol-propellant.html">here</a>. Mannitol has the lowest solubility in water from all sugar alcohols, therefore it is very less </span>hygroscopic<span style="font-size: small;">. The </span>cured propellant has a density like ceramic. It deflagrates similar fast as using sorbitol but whitout bright white flame and a lot of white smoke is generated. </div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">Cured propellant chunks: </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdPI2iYpQov9MrV9xMIzQw2ZLNHdKKFfwM-E61SpaXzD07VNH6YYfG2EDJeXsY9utH5TChseQmZYWI__cgRU27KAm5gc9QS6dA_3D_rk_YFoqABL1TBcAusiHMmlELeT6IehmqMJart3oL/s1600/IMG_1753.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdPI2iYpQov9MrV9xMIzQw2ZLNHdKKFfwM-E61SpaXzD07VNH6YYfG2EDJeXsY9utH5TChseQmZYWI__cgRU27KAm5gc9QS6dA_3D_rk_YFoqABL1TBcAusiHMmlELeT6IehmqMJart3oL/s1600/IMG_1753.jpg" /></a></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">As the state of matter of the propellant during manufacturing is liquid, carbon fiber, cellulose fiber etc. could be inserted to reinforce the propellant. </span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/RaGtkXsKAuo?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div></div>Markus Bindhammerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07048973241655075741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5606319877619147346.post-21668062905111064482011-09-14T21:46:00.000-07:002011-09-14T21:46:54.259-07:00Sugar Shot Weekly Activity Report: September 5-11, 2011<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" LatentStyleCount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span>The following report was compiled based on input from Paul Avery, Rick Maschek, Chris King and Thomas Dittman:<br />
<span> </span><br />
Rick Maschek and Paul Avery arrived at the FAR test site Friday evening. The skies were overcast with the threat of rain. The forecast was similar for Saturday. As they were unable to access supplies that were locked in one of the storage lockers, work was deferred to the next day. Assembly of the propellant grains began Saturday morning. Rick reported that assembly of the 12 grains into two “unigrains” went well. Meanwhile Paul worked on assembly of the motor, while Chris King and Tom Dittman (who arrived early Saturday morning) set up the measuring equipment and calibrated the pressure sensors, with Paul’s help. Paul reported that assembly of the motor went well but took a lot longer than anticipated. There was only one significant glitch – an interference of the head of the Deluge Plug with the top of the propellant stack. This was resolved by local removal of some propellant. At around 5:30PM, the assembled motor was moved to the Large Horizontal Test Stand followed by final positioning and mounting. By the time this was completed, the weather had worsened. Storm cells with lightning approached, and for safety, the team retreated to shelters as rain began to fall. Rain continued, and the team waited for a break in the weather. The precipitation was a <br />
mixed blessing, Rick later stated, as the wet ground minimized risk of brushfire in case of motor CATO. After about 2 hours, the break came, and the team quickly set about hooking up igniters and activating data recording. It was fully dark by this time and spotlights were used to illuminate the test site. The crew and all others present retreated to safety inside the concrete bunkers. At about 7:50PM, the “T minus 10 seconds” countdown commenced and at "zero" the motor was seen to fire up. Thrust buildup was slower than expected, but after about a second, the motor appeared to be at full thrust. Due to the darkness, a flame was clearly visible. The motor continued to burn well for another second or so when suddenly a violent CATO occurred. The aft chamber separated at the Midbulkhead and departed the test stand. A large fireball erupted from burning propellant, and pieces of burning propellant were seen to burn for several seconds. The firing crew decided to stay put in the bunkers for ½ hour as a precaution, since it was unclear whether propellant was present in the forward chamber or not. As well, rain once again started to fall, quickly extinguishing any fragments of burning propellant. Approaching the remains of the motor in the test stand, it was clear that the forward motor casing, which still had the Midbulkhead attached, was devoid of propellant and as such was not a potential hazard. After gathering the instrumentation, the team retired for the night.<br />
The following day, Rick and Tom examined, photographed and collected various parts. The test stand suffered significant damage to the carriage and bracketry for retaining the motor. The Forward Bulkhead was damaged, having forcibly impacted the thrust plate. All sensors were damaged. Rick reported that the forward motor casing was “ballooned” noticeably, and oddly, was completely “clean” inside, devoid of any traces of propellant or casting tube material. The aft casing was recovered but was badly damaged at the forward end, having separated into several pieces. </span><span lang="DE">The nozzle appeared to be undamaged. </span><span>Rick also reported a vast “debris field” of unburnt propellant chunks and fragments. The sizeable pieces were collected and the smaller pieces buried out of safety concern. </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span>Chris was successful in recovering data from the load cells and pressure sensors. Both load cells appeared to provide a good trace. One pressure sensor (that believed to be for the aft chamber) recorded a slight pressure rise then dropped to zero well before the anomalous event. It would appear to have gotten blocked with combustion product residue (to be confirmed later). The other pressure sensor read zero until the anomalous event broke its electrical leads. It is believe the sensor leads may have gotten wet from the rain and as such malfunctioned.<br />
Video of test firing:</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><br />
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</style> <![endif]--> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span>A huge "thank you" goes out to the DSS ground crew members Paul Avery, Rick Maschek, Chris King and Thomas Dittman for the incredible effort they put into this static firing event, pouring their hearts and souls into making everything come together. This is the kind of rare dedication that will ensure victory in achieving our goal of reaching Space on the understated power (!) of sugar.<br />
<span> </span><br />
The Sugar Shot team owes a debt of gratitude to Ted Rothaupt (FAR secretary & Pyrotechnic Operator) and John Newman (Pyrotechnic Operator) for staying around so late Saturday night to oversee our project. FAR’s support is invaluable, providing such a rare and capable facility. SS2S will be donating $400 to FAR to help cover expenses incurred by our team and to show our support for such an outstanding facility. The SS2S team encourages our supporters to likewise make a <a href="http://www.friendsofamateurrocketry.org/Individual_Donors.html">donation</a>.<br />
</span><span lang="DE"><a href="http://www.friendsofamateurrocketry.org/Individual_Donors.html" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US"></span></a></span><span><span> </span><br />
Markus Bindhammer has been performing interesting experiments with novel propellant formulations, the latest being a eutectic mixture of KNO3 and NaNO3, with sorbitol. Markus found that the resulting formulation burns vigorously, and possesses a number of potentially useful traits. Markus’s report has been posted on our <a href="http://www.sugarshot.org/downloads/eutectic_sugar_propellant_research_pt1.pdf">Documentation page</a>.<br />
</span><span lang="DE"><a href="http://www.sugarshot.org/downloads/eutectic_sugar_propellant_research_pt1.pdf" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US"></span></a></span><span><span></span><br />
Craig Peterson has completed construction of a vacuum chamber that will be used for component and assembled avionics testing of the DSS payload. The vacuum is intended to simulate the reduced air pressure at 33 km altitude (=1% that of ground level). The vacuum chamber, measuring 6” (150mm) ID and 40” (1000mm) long, also features an airtight 24-pin connector to allow interfacing of the test article to externally mounted equipment.</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOdkW4XS6-z-TPggtzUwEPPHrbZLXWk0_naVWOJ3uDTq5k3iS72wBrkLMG6AdkjMVkjH_o87J6WuSMN796fdkD3ZThzjOSgMZCIqBJW3w_dgKh4zGyxaubpB9VQmrfagPRYLl66KFcjGSU/s1600/dscn1056.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOdkW4XS6-z-TPggtzUwEPPHrbZLXWk0_naVWOJ3uDTq5k3iS72wBrkLMG6AdkjMVkjH_o87J6WuSMN796fdkD3ZThzjOSgMZCIqBJW3w_dgKh4zGyxaubpB9VQmrfagPRYLl66KFcjGSU/s1600/dscn1056.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span>Jacob Ferriera reports that he has received the software disc sent by SolidWorks loaded with donated CAD based drawing and analysis tools. In return, Dassault Systèmes SolidWorks Corporation has been added to our <a href="http://sugarshot.org/sponsors.html">Sponsor page</a>.</span><span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" LatentStyleCount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style>
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</style> <![endif]--> </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"><span> </span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"><span><span></span></span><span>The <a href="http://www.sugarshot.org/documentation_old.html">Documentation page</a> has been updated with three DSS BP technical documents.</span><br />
<span> </span><span lang="DE"><a href="http://www.sugarshot.org/documentation_old.html" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US"></span></a></span></span></div><span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span> <span> </span></span></div>Markus Bindhammerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07048973241655075741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5606319877619147346.post-69116326515611899582011-09-13T05:46:00.000-07:002011-09-15T19:57:00.401-07:00Eutectic KNO3-NaNO3-Sorbitol propellant<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-size: small;"><u>Preparation</u>:</span><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><ul style="font-family: inherit;"><li><span style="font-size: small;">Put 5.4g KNO<sub>3</sub> and 4.6g NaNO<sub>3</sub> into a beaker (</span><span style="font-size: small;">Borosilicate glass!)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;">Mix the two substances</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;">Put the beaker with mixture on l<i><span style="font-style: normal;">aboratory heating plate with temperature sensor and thermostat, insert temperature sensor into salt mixture</span></i></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;">Pre-set the temperature to 220ºC</span><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="font-style: normal;"> </span></i></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="font-style: normal;"></span></i></span><span style="font-size: small;"></span><span style="font-size: small;">Heat till 220ºC are reached and salt mixture is liquefied (the theoretical melting point of the eutectic mixture is 218</span><span style="font-size: small;">ºC but my mixture was already completely </span><span style="font-size: small;">liquefied at </span><span style="font-size: small;">180</span><span style="font-size: small;">ºC, maybe due to some impurities)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;">Add slowly 5.4g sorbitol, stir with glass rod till the sorbitol is molten and ‘dissolved’ completely in the salt bath. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;">Pour the solution on a coated baking paper. Be careful, it has a viscosity nearly like water!</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;">Let it cool down for 10 minutes </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;">Ignite the mixture with a butane torch. The mixture is very difficult to ignite due to its high heat of fusion (nearly like thermite)</span></li>
</ul><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJ2Jw8KIXODSNFcxuR3-HAR_9Eec01WZOqNiANJyrgaDl9AjljJoqgxMC_Xx_nu-xpk0UzCfBphWaXlYtCfM8RJ2AGdCkVGHUS5AsGKSTXhRTSenrgwazK8mzjOPk-z-3cVM2Tu-TptVlD/s1600/noname03.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJ2Jw8KIXODSNFcxuR3-HAR_9Eec01WZOqNiANJyrgaDl9AjljJoqgxMC_Xx_nu-xpk0UzCfBphWaXlYtCfM8RJ2AGdCkVGHUS5AsGKSTXhRTSenrgwazK8mzjOPk-z-3cVM2Tu-TptVlD/s1600/noname03.gif" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><br />
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</div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt;"></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><object class="BLOGGER-youtube-video" classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0" data-thumbnail-src="http://i.ytimg.com/vi/4QjOm_zOI9s/0.jpg" height="266" width="320"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/4QjOm_zOI9s?f=user_uploads&c=google-webdrive-0&app=youtube_gdata" /><param name="bgcolor" value="#FFFFFF" /><embed width="320" height="266" src="http://www.youtube.com/v/4QjOm_zOI9s?f=user_uploads&c=google-webdrive-0&app=youtube_gdata" type="application/x-shockwave-flash"></embed></object></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>Markus Bindhammerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07048973241655075741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5606319877619147346.post-87597399326491129392011-09-10T20:57:00.000-07:002011-09-10T20:57:10.319-07:00KNO3-LiNO3-Sorbitol-Eutectic propellant<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><u>Preparation</u>:</span></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><ul><li><span style="font-size: small;">6.5g </span>KNO<sub>3 </sub><span style="font-size: small;">and 3.5g </span>LiNO<sub>3</sub><span style="font-size: small;"> mixed in a beaker</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;">Heated on lab hot plate with temperature sensor till a temperature of 130 </span><span class="st">°C was reached</span></li>
<li><span class="st">0.5g candle wax added for impregnation (hygroscopy). Interestingly the wax dissolves completely in the molten salt bath, but a wax with a melting point of 110-120 </span><span class="st">°C would be better.</span></li>
<li><span class="st">Slowly 6g sorbitol to </span>molten sal<span style="font-size: small;">t bath added, stirred till sorbitol was completely molten and dissolved</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;">Poured on a coated baking paper, strand formed (latex gloves!)</span><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></li>
</ul><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Hot plate with temperture sensor and thermostat: </span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpET6A3D_nRGYTK21l_6Br1jTYCeqjYCEZSzsHdBJ9Gx915zZ0ChS7JOEMCRsxMXvpZFLJ49iPVL12_SsL_8XMi4FP6jnlF5ZQpMFGILLinOtiacghDnVP61allYXM0RmeUORi4OhYfV4g/s1600/IMG_1686.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpET6A3D_nRGYTK21l_6Br1jTYCeqjYCEZSzsHdBJ9Gx915zZ0ChS7JOEMCRsxMXvpZFLJ49iPVL12_SsL_8XMi4FP6jnlF5ZQpMFGILLinOtiacghDnVP61allYXM0RmeUORi4OhYfV4g/s1600/IMG_1686.jpg" /></a></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">Strand burn test:</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/OOZTyDftveg?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><span style="font-size: small;"> </span>Markus Bindhammerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07048973241655075741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5606319877619147346.post-57824816406410757032011-09-10T00:32:00.000-07:002011-09-10T18:19:43.771-07:00KClO3-Sulfur-Epoxy composite propellant<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"><u>Preparation</u></span>:</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><ul><li>0.5g resin and 0.5g hardener (5min epoxy) dissolved in 5ml isopropyl alcohol</li>
<li>3.5 fine powdered KClO<sub>3</sub> added and stirred till it was a homogenous paste</li>
<li>0.5 fine powdered sulfur added, stirred again (mixture must be always wet!). Strong sulfur smell occurred. Epoxy, KClO<sub>3</sub> and sulfur mixture precipitated after 2min from left isopropyl alcohol. Sulfur seems to react with the curing agent and <a href="http://www.freepatentsonline.com/6465597.html">accelerates hardening process</a>.Yellow coloring of mixture due to sulfur disappeared during curing process.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Separated from remaining isopropyl alcohol, strand formed, 3h cured </li>
</ul><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvTKioU0swGhqHw2hfAYoa7BJ1ijros2w255nOZqQgMTSUdDSMWEh4SwEJPx-NFk1SQGuPi8mN_dKPHicjd21ImfUfhEiPFqx96VadEew9wUuUjeVM-zUYh7giI_w8NXiIsOL05mV1IweE/s1600/IMG_1712.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvTKioU0swGhqHw2hfAYoa7BJ1ijros2w255nOZqQgMTSUdDSMWEh4SwEJPx-NFk1SQGuPi8mN_dKPHicjd21ImfUfhEiPFqx96VadEew9wUuUjeVM-zUYh7giI_w8NXiIsOL05mV1IweE/s1600/IMG_1712.jpg" /></a></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
Strand burn rate 15mm/s at STP:<br />
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</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Some more burn tests:</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/gyai9YHXN8M?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></div></div>Markus Bindhammerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07048973241655075741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5606319877619147346.post-3677656579073331742011-09-08T21:56:00.000-07:002011-09-09T00:16:59.585-07:00Sugar Shot Weekly Activity Report: August 29-September 5, 2011<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">The plan is currently a GO for this weekend’s static firing of the DSS Boilerplate motor at the FAR test site in the Mojave Desert. As one of the final key preparations, Paul Avery successfully cast the “full” Delay Plug (recasting the “burnt” plug) and subsequently bonded it into place in the Midbulkhead. <span lang="DE">Two spare pyrogen igniters have been fabricated. Rick Maschek reports that he has procured the materials for constructing two motor Transport Cradles. The plan for this weekend is as follows. Rick and Paul plan to arrive at the site on Friday. Assembly of the grain segments will then take place, which involves bonding of the twelve segments into two “grain assemblies”. Following assembly, the grains will then be transported inside their respective motor casings to an assembly station where the motor will be partly assembled, then transported for overnight storage indoors. Chris King and Tom Dittman will arrive early Saturday morning and proceed to set up the instrumentation for recording thrust and chamber pressure. Concurrently, the motor sections will be transported to the Large Horizontal Test Stand, where final motor assembly will take place. The water deluge system will then be set up and pressurized. Due to the large number of events taking place at FAR this weekend, it is not certain as to when the actual firing will occur, presumably some time Saturday afternoon or evening.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="DE">Photo of Midbulkhead with Delay Plug installed (prior to application of edge inhibitor). The "channel" is to facilitate gas flow to the pressure sensor:</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="DE"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj99cv72ScnnhvdwoiclOUx5LmzOShUTvYMBEv6-pQNvbHtHPXeNdocDDU0K8FJoA4fft7UAIzriz4C1B0dewvPzIC_SWcUP3GVh8psGAMdlR3-J9GUnyw8ImS7QT4dmvwTkSvj-1LWZk2X/s1600/cimg1708a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj99cv72ScnnhvdwoiclOUx5LmzOShUTvYMBEv6-pQNvbHtHPXeNdocDDU0K8FJoA4fft7UAIzriz4C1B0dewvPzIC_SWcUP3GVh8psGAMdlR3-J9GUnyw8ImS7QT4dmvwTkSvj-1LWZk2X/s1600/cimg1708a.jpg" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="DE">Two new guidance documents have been prepared for the upcoming static test firing of the DSS BP motor:</span></div></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><pre style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">1) DSS Boilerplate Rocket Motor Closure <a href="http://sugarshot.org/downloads/dss_bp_motor_cit_manual_rev_2011-08-22.pdf">Installation Tool User Manual</a>
2) DSS Boilerplate Rocket Motor <a href="http://sugarshot.org/downloads/dss_bp_motor_assembly_sequence_2011-09-08.pdf"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">Assembly and Firing Instructions</span></a></span></pre></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">The Sponsor page has been updated to reflect the status of Markus Bindhammer as our <a href="http://www.sugarshot.org/sponsors.html">main sponsor</a>, replacing erstwhile sponsor Team Selene.</span></div></div>Markus Bindhammerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07048973241655075741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5606319877619147346.post-18021482348665798222011-09-08T05:31:00.000-07:002011-09-08T06:34:31.887-07:00Eutectic sugar propellant with phenolphthalein and cellulose nitrate coating<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">Experiment performed as following:</span></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">- 6.5g KNO<sub>3</sub> and 3.5g LiNO<sub>3</sub> mixed in a beaker</span></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">- 20min heated in baking oven at 160°C under air circulation mode</span></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">- 3.5g fine powdered sucrose and 1g phenolphthalein added after salt mixture got liquid, stirred till it got a homogenous white paste</span></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">- Poured on a coated baking paper, coated with nitro cellulose lacquer, cooled down to room temperature, ignited</span></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/GzRVLjqUaoI?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">Result: Less residue due to </span><span style="font-size: small;">phenolphthalein additive, no hygroscopic effects due to </span><span style="font-size: small;">nitro cellulose lacquer coating.</span></div>Markus Bindhammerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07048973241655075741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5606319877619147346.post-12182171415470160142011-09-05T22:39:00.000-07:002011-09-08T01:45:45.679-07:00KNO3-LiNO3-Eutectic system sugar propellant<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.chemetalllithium.com/fileadmin/Products/pdf/401159.pdf">Sabalith®</a> is a salt mixture of 65% </span>KNO<sub>3</sub><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"> and 35% Li</span>NO<sub>3</sub><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">. The mixture is normally used for salt bath curing in open or closed circulations, e.g. in LCM installations for the vulcanization of rubber. The melting point of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eutectic_system">Eutectic system</a> is approx. 130°C (266</span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">°F)</span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">. This could make it interesting for propellant applications, e.g. producing a very homogenous solution of molten sugar/</span>sabalith.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.sgte.org/fact/phase_diagram.php?file=KNO3-LiNO3.jpg&dir=FTsalt">KNO<sub>3</sub><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">- Li</span>NO<sub>3</sub></a><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://www.sgte.org/fact/phase_diagram.php?file=KNO3-LiNO3.jpg&dir=FTsalt"> phase diagram</a></span></span><br />
<a href="http://www.sgte.org/fact/documentation/FTsalt/FTsalt_Figs.htm">Other salt phase diagrams</a><br />
<br />
<div style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">Upon thermal decomposition, LiNO<sub>3</sub> gives lithium oxide, nitrogen dioxide, and oxygen:</span></div><div style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</div><div style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">4 LiNO<sub>3</sub> → 2 Li<sub>2</sub>O + 4 NO<sub>2 </sub>+ O<sub>2</sub></span></div><div style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</div><sub><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">Other group I nitrates decompose differently, forming nitrite salt and oxygen: </span></sub><br />
<br />
<div style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">2 KNO<sub>3</sub> → 2 KNO<sub>2 </sub>+ O<sub>2</sub></span></div><br />
<div style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">A first experiment using the molten salt mixture as a solvent for the fuel (sucrose) was performed as following:</span></div><div style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">- 6.5g KNO<sub>3</sub></span><span style="font-size: small;"> and 3.5g Li</span><span style="font-size: small;">NO<sub>3</sub></span><span style="font-size: small;"> mixed in a beaker</span></div><div style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">- 20min in the baking oven at 160</span><span style="font-size: small;">°C under air circulation mode</span></div><div style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">- 5g fine powdered sucrose added after salt mixture got liquid, stirred till it got a homogenous white paste</span></div><div style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">- Poured on a coated baking paper, cooled down to room temperature</span></div><br />
Eutectic system mixture of <span style="font-size: small;">6.5g KNO<sub>3</sub></span><span style="font-size: small;">, 3.5g Li</span><span style="font-size: small;">NO<sub>3</sub></span><span style="font-size: small;"> and 5g sucrose:</span> <br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhd3xzJLqsSpxFDuToZBItNaexqb7gnoDOz4oeQdLzlZGiCFW-ngP_7fqHlHS2p-H-e7aYDwpqJnXe865delo5HiWDtHyR2V9eTajH5Z8f8XCFuc36CkqcWw3BRq_XqmQi2qLrIwnqxBAzz/s1600/IMG_1652.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhd3xzJLqsSpxFDuToZBItNaexqb7gnoDOz4oeQdLzlZGiCFW-ngP_7fqHlHS2p-H-e7aYDwpqJnXe865delo5HiWDtHyR2V9eTajH5Z8f8XCFuc36CkqcWw3BRq_XqmQi2qLrIwnqxBAzz/s1600/IMG_1652.jpg" /></a></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div>Combustion of the propellant probe:<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/gnrGcxHErEA?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">With this method solid and castable black powder could be made. Just liquefy KNO<sub>3/</sub></span><span style="font-size: small;"> Li</span><span style="font-size: small;">NO</span><sub>3</sub><span style="font-size: small;"> and add sulfur (melting point </span>115.21°C, 239.38°F) <span style="font-size: small;">and charcoal powder. Instead of sucrose sorbitol will be used for next experiments, as the melting point of waterfree sorbitol is </span>110–112°C, which leads to a blend of oxidizer and fuel. <span style="font-size: small;"> The biggest drawback is the hygroscopy of </span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">Li</span>NO<sub>3</sub><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">. This could be avoided by coating the propellant surface after casting with cellulose nitrate lacquer.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><u>Update 2011-9-7</u></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">First try to produce cast able black powder by the Eutectic system method:</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">Used ratio: 6.5g KNO<sub>3</sub>/3.5g <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">Li</span>NO<sub>3</sub>/2.2g C, 1.4g S</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">KNO<sub>3</sub>/<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">Li</span>NO<sub>3</sub><span style="font-size: small;"> mixture starts to liquify:</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiU-R5IpR-QRqjRv2UQaLkBhOYdTHf-J7ynXywYzxv-gUZf_m6D7ybMR7s8-rzTMsb3hyphenhyphenu81T_dxbeYFi14IR-7Fj9_u2vpDfT7Phfb0gdrxB13VAIXhSa8YVnrcxA0r1iuerdriRuRoXqP/s1600/bild1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiU-R5IpR-QRqjRv2UQaLkBhOYdTHf-J7ynXywYzxv-gUZf_m6D7ybMR7s8-rzTMsb3hyphenhyphenu81T_dxbeYFi14IR-7Fj9_u2vpDfT7Phfb0gdrxB13VAIXhSa8YVnrcxA0r1iuerdriRuRoXqP/s1600/bild1.jpg" /></a></div><br />
Molten sulfur swimming on the <span style="font-size: small;">KNO<sub>3</sub></span><span style="font-size: small;">/Li</span><span style="font-size: small;">NO</span><sub>3</sub><span style="font-size: small;"> mixture like oil on water:</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4EqVtT2aP1WBQUKw9GIC5OfUoEly1b8Qd-RQwNWTk6VmXjnDMnltQJkB1u3AWJTAOltwfyp8yMbciQFNOFh7GlCArhmzXgKj08DNmxr-Ild1Yz4EpMizHN8kLHxXsFgdnRTTnKXsOPj0P/s1600/bild2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4EqVtT2aP1WBQUKw9GIC5OfUoEly1b8Qd-RQwNWTk6VmXjnDMnltQJkB1u3AWJTAOltwfyp8yMbciQFNOFh7GlCArhmzXgKj08DNmxr-Ild1Yz4EpMizHN8kLHxXsFgdnRTTnKXsOPj0P/s1600/bild2.jpg" /></a></div><br />
First casted batch of black powder:<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuv9uS2ph8qgLNXrhfw9JSl8mbOBTr5uHhieMwVaMl3Tgc9XxTqqXUEj24az-yF3WMvpZ4iEPhwvHDGp9tayG56T_M6WxyOG7ZSRUiVmuphFBCs_BxlcSgYgFwPspPPgRE1eRo6tbBJISQ/s1600/bild3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuv9uS2ph8qgLNXrhfw9JSl8mbOBTr5uHhieMwVaMl3Tgc9XxTqqXUEj24az-yF3WMvpZ4iEPhwvHDGp9tayG56T_M6WxyOG7ZSRUiVmuphFBCs_BxlcSgYgFwPspPPgRE1eRo6tbBJISQ/s1600/bild3.jpg" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">Combustion test. A lot of molten <span style="font-size: small;">Li<sub>2</sub>O remains. I will look into possibility to elute </span><span style="font-size: small;">Li</span><span style="font-size: small;">NO</span><sub>3 </sub><span style="font-size: small;">after casting with methanol or ethanol.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/fj-VT1vlFUk?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
<span class="commentBody" data-jsid="text">An old <a href="http://books.google.de/books?id=LtHQAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA386&lpg=PA386&dq=kaliumchlorat+Eutektikum&source=bl&ots=sPrVzuHoJZ&sig=Se2QA9oeIu056VsgtLhUqwaVf7w&hl=de&ei=J1toTqCCFYPciAKQ1e2QBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=kaliumchlorat%20Eutektikum&f=false">German chemistry book</a> says, if you use a mixture of 54.54 parts KN</span>O<sub>3</sub><span class="commentBody" data-jsid="text">, 18.18 parts NaN</span>O<sub>3</sub><span class="commentBody" data-jsid="text"> and 27.27 parts LiN</span>O<sub>3</sub><span class="commentBody" data-jsid="text"> the melting point drops to 120°C (248°F). This mixture ratio is preferable as it keeps the </span><span class="commentBody" data-jsid="text">LiN</span>O<sub>3</sub><span class="commentBody" data-jsid="text"> amount small.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div></div>Markus Bindhammerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07048973241655075741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5606319877619147346.post-43376806594220338932011-09-02T07:14:00.000-07:002011-09-02T17:33:56.967-07:00Recrystallized hexaphenox<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">1g phenolphthalein dissolved in 50ml methanol, 7.5g KClO<sub>3</sub> and 1.5g hexamine dissolved in 50ml boiling water dest. Solutions mixed and methanol/water vaporized at 115°C in an evaporating dish. Milled again to fine powder with mortar and pestle. </span></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><object class="BLOGGER-youtube-video" classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0" data-thumbnail-src="http://i.ytimg.com/vi/yorn_45n4DM/0.jpg" height="266" width="320"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/yorn_45n4DM?f=user_uploads&c=google-webdrive-0&app=youtube_gdata" /><param name="bgcolor" value="#FFFFFF" /><embed width="320" height="266" src="http://www.youtube.com/v/yorn_45n4DM?f=user_uploads&c=google-webdrive-0&app=youtube_gdata" type="application/x-shockwave-flash"></embed></object></div>Markus Bindhammerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07048973241655075741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5606319877619147346.post-37684137648680996562011-08-29T22:30:00.000-07:002011-08-29T22:43:44.556-07:00Sugar Shot Weekly Activity Report: August 22-28, 2011<div style="color: black; font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="DE">Craig Peterson has made significant progress in fabricating the "vacuum chamber" that will be used for testing our avionics at simulated altitude. Craig has obtained a length of 6" PVC pipe, end cap, and aluminum end plate. As well, Craig has purchased a two-stage vacuum pump capable of evacuating the chamber to the extent required. Richard has ordered a precision vacuum gauge (from Omega) which is being shipped to Craig.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="DE">Photo of PVC pipe for vacuum chamber and vacuum pump (in box):</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSjgnmzMYJoN-Xyiodndf8iwsjWA8JZlVIJ2dPhpQ1nkLVcYdV2RopX-2HQS6IawwekCiq-Py2ZnV-9lDyMindoJiSBk60w_XCYvrh0NqOzZSKn1wjSjovBpfKtRW1YdQwI6OAJRXfr9GK/s1600/dscn1019a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSjgnmzMYJoN-Xyiodndf8iwsjWA8JZlVIJ2dPhpQ1nkLVcYdV2RopX-2HQS6IawwekCiq-Py2ZnV-9lDyMindoJiSBk60w_XCYvrh0NqOzZSKn1wjSjovBpfKtRW1YdQwI6OAJRXfr9GK/s1600/dscn1019a.jpg" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="DE"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">Photo of removable aluminum end plate (stock):</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGjGxhBKwXfsO1T6-Ub4w0NzmYMXkZOBwzukj6GXT35q4LcwjTmX2cDsctq-ows2DonZWAmkT8QsORXce-8yZwXg5_wax-glI_r6c9wuzymXNIlSWGkxOQRUtsSzpJMisPFJQHZyKZ3KBM/s1600/dscn1017a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGjGxhBKwXfsO1T6-Ub4w0NzmYMXkZOBwzukj6GXT35q4LcwjTmX2cDsctq-ows2DonZWAmkT8QsORXce-8yZwXg5_wax-glI_r6c9wuzymXNIlSWGkxOQRUtsSzpJMisPFJQHZyKZ3KBM/s1600/dscn1017a.jpg" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">(photos courtesy Craig Peterson)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">Richard has been working on the <a href="http://sugarshot.org/downloads/transport_cradle_revb.pdf">design</a> of a wooden "transport cradle" that will be used to transport the motor chambers to the workstation and to the test stand. Each fully loaded chamber will weigh an estimated 152 lbs (69 kg) and will require a minimum of 4 persons for transport.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">The Sugar Shot to Space program has received a major "shot in the arm"...our primary DSS sponsor <a href="http://www.sugarshot.org/bio/bindhammer.html">Markus Bindhammer</a> announced that he is donating $10,000 USD for the eXSShot project! This is fantastic news that takes us one step closer to achieving our goal of reaching space using the power of "sugar". We also welcome Markus as our newest member of the <a href="http://www.sugarshot.org/project_teams.html">SS2S team</a>, in the role of "General Project Support". The Team Selene logo will be phased out, per Markus's request. Thank you so much, Markus, for your generosity and for your belief in our team's ability to achieve the remarkable.</span></div></div>Markus Bindhammerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07048973241655075741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5606319877619147346.post-57723345131956124162011-08-29T20:04:00.000-07:002011-08-30T05:06:50.632-07:00Hexaphenox - Celluloid composite propellant<div style="text-align: justify;">Celluloid is a highly flammable cellulose nitrate-based plastic. A typical formulation of celluloid contain 70 to 80 parts cellulose nitrate, nitrated to 11% nitrogen, 30 parts camphor, 0 to 14 parts dye, 1 to 5 parts ethyl alcohol, plus stabilizers and other agents to increase stability and reduce flammability. Celluloid is still common used in table tennis balls.</div><div style="text-align: justify;">I had a few table tennis balls at home, so I cut one in half and took a whiff. I smelled camphor . I cut 3 balls in small pieces and desolved them in 50ml acetone, stirring the solution from time to time. It takes around 2 hours till the celluloid is completely disolved. I mixed then 5g of the thick celluloid solution with a prepared fine powdered mixture of 8.5g KClO<sub>3</sub>, 1.5g hexamine and 1g phenolphthalein and formed a snake on coated baking paper. The picture below shows the dried propellant and the celluloid solution (it is yellow because the table tennis balls were colored yellow):</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizbDZlHNHs_q-OhmWlV52W1eYokIMEWhZfrWSUGlqVHhyphenhyphen_ryKyNlTYJaHuqj3US0TVHN5TGHANzlG8UI8qtqPdN9yRtoPN8pJ8BTukjYlLwjAGwUmJIxZUrFYXqI24v8JTMq03o4c8cGwC/s1600/PPP.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizbDZlHNHs_q-OhmWlV52W1eYokIMEWhZfrWSUGlqVHhyphenhyphen_ryKyNlTYJaHuqj3US0TVHN5TGHANzlG8UI8qtqPdN9yRtoPN8pJ8BTukjYlLwjAGwUmJIxZUrFYXqI24v8JTMq03o4c8cGwC/s1600/PPP.jpg" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizbDZlHNHs_q-OhmWlV52W1eYokIMEWhZfrWSUGlqVHhyphenhyphen_ryKyNlTYJaHuqj3US0TVHN5TGHANzlG8UI8qtqPdN9yRtoPN8pJ8BTukjYlLwjAGwUmJIxZUrFYXqI24v8JTMq03o4c8cGwC/s1600/PPP.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizbDZlHNHs_q-OhmWlV52W1eYokIMEWhZfrWSUGlqVHhyphenhyphen_ryKyNlTYJaHuqj3US0TVHN5TGHANzlG8UI8qtqPdN9yRtoPN8pJ8BTukjYlLwjAGwUmJIxZUrFYXqI24v8JTMq03o4c8cGwC/s1600/PPP.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br />
</a><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/DfhWHNhxYbg?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>Markus Bindhammerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07048973241655075741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5606319877619147346.post-55245175717456358192011-08-28T06:33:00.000-07:002011-08-31T03:58:52.129-07:00Potassium nitrate/sugar propellant improvement<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">We know that hexamine can not be oxidized with KNO<sub>3</sub></span> but with the additive phenolphthalein. My simple assumption was now that phenolphthalein could improve the combustion behavior of potassium nitrate/sugar (sucrose, sorbitol etc.) as well, so I made a quick comparison test of 2g <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">KNO<sub>3</sub></span>/sucrose and 2g <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">KNO<sub>3</sub></span>/sucrose (65:35 ratio) with some phenlphthalein added:</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/HHacI12zoYk?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">The mixture with the added phenolphthalein was easier to ignite and burned much quicker. The melting points of sucrose (185–186 °C) and sorbitol (110–112 °C) are far lower than the melting point of phenolphthalein (260 °C), so phenolphthalein and KNO<sub>3</sub> could be both dissolved in dry heated sugar.</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><u>Update August 29, 2011 </u></span><br />
<br />
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">I just found a first <a href="http://books.google.de/books?id=yxRyOf8jFeQC&pg=PA42&lpg=PA42&dq=phenolphthalein+burn+rate&source=bl&ots=CPzYzopQ-8&sig=JGsikuXdcfPS5UVBAH-3fGkFJrM&hl=de&ei=ERVbTs-SCubbiALYxq3CCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCUQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false">source</a> (</span><i><span style="font-size: small;">The chemistry of fireworks</span></i> by Michael S. Russell)<span style="font-size: small;"> </span>where it is mentioned that phenolphthalein was used to enhance the burn rate of gun powder. Page 42: "<i style="color: black;">...together with an organic fuel, known as phenolphthalein, which is said to enhance the burn rate.</i><span style="color: black;">"</span></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">I was not aware of this. I found the effect of phenolphthalein by myself without this knowledge.<br />
Another <a href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/51583553/32/Substitute-Materials">source</a> (<i>Black Powder Manufacturing, Testing & Optimizing</i> by Ian von Maltitz) says on page 27: "<i><b>Phenolphthalein</b> has been used as a charcoal substitute </i>[for black powder]<i>. Its use hasn't gone much beyond the experimental stage. This is possible because phenolphthalein is very expensive when compared to charcoal</i>..."<br />
<br />
Neither phenolphthalein and <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">KNO<sub>3</sub></span> nor phenolphthalein and KClO<sub>3</sub> are combustible without a second fuel. </div></div>Markus Bindhammerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07048973241655075741noreply@blogger.com0